Engineering HSC Civil Structures

1. What development in motor cars led to the need to replace the block pasture bracken? What was the replenishment? With the adoption of pneumatic rubber tyres for cars in 1895, the block brake became romantic and was replaced as an automobile brake, and was replaced by the contracting band brake. 2. Who invented the drum brake? In what year did this occur? In 1902 Louis Renault invented the internal expanding drum brake. 3. wherefore was the drum brake superior to its predecessors?First, the shoes atomic number 18 enclosed on the drum so the rubbing lining is away from water or dirt, so they last longer. The drum brake also exhibits servo-assistance, in some(prenominal) forward and reverse the leading shoe exhibits servo assistance in forward travel, the trailing shoe in reverse travel. 4. wherefore argon the discus brakes utilize extensively now? The disc brake offers fall apart heat dissipation than the drum brake and also offers better weather performance as water is t hrown off the disc by centrifugal force. 5. Why is asbestos still al busteded in brake linings in Australia?Asbestos gave the bring on lining greater stability at mellower temperatures, thusly the linings are more resistant to break failure form the heat. 6. The coefficient of friction () is ratio amongst what two values? The coefficient of friction is the ratio of the frictional force nowadays and the normal reaction to the matting surfaces. =FFRN 7. What is the tensile taste in a brake cable of diameter 2 mm if the tensile force in the cable is 200N? 8. Draw a emphasise strain curve for mild steel label the proportional limit, the upper berth and lower yield points and the UTS. . What is the discordence between elastic and plastic torsion? 10. State Pascals principle. Why is it important to hydraulics? 11. What is steel? 12. What is the difference between austenite and ferrite? 13. What is pearlite? 14. What happens to the hardness of steel as the amount of cementite inc reases? 15. Describe what martensite is. 16. Why is manganese added to steels? 17. What effect will nickel have if added to a low alloy steel? 18. Why is molybdenum added to the nickel-chromium steels? 19. Why is Hadfield steel used for?What is different about its structure at room temperature as remote to plain carbon steels? 20. There are three types of stainless steels available. cite three and describe the uses of each? 21. Which stainless steel is non-magnetic? 22. What is the difference overleap iron and steel? 23. Carbon appears in different forms in molding irons, how does it appear in white work iron and grey cast iron? 24. Which type of grey cast iron is stronger, fine or course? 25. How do SG cast iron and CG cast iron differ?26. Blackheart malleable cast iron has free carbon defend in Whiteheart malleable cast iron? 27. Is free carbon present in Whiteheart malleable cast iron? 28. Why is copper added to break pads? 29. What type of resin is used to bind the break p ad unneurotic? 30. Draw two stress strain diagrams, one showing high toughness, and one displaying high strength but a brittle failure. 31. What are the four hardness tests available? 32. Find the tension in the upended and horizontal cables for the brake system shown. Slove this problem graphically then analytically.